【孫一包養網心得興徹】董仲舒的人間觀
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Dong Zhongshu’s Human View
Author: “Hengshui Academy News” 2020 Issue 6
Author Introduction: Sun Xingshui (1957-), male, from Hanzhou, Korean, taught at the Korean Anhui University, Ph.D.
The Study of Dong Zhongshu and Confucianism” special column is in charge of the man’s language
Xu Xie’s “History of Two Han Thoughts” has long pointed out that Dong Zhongshu’s academic skills are “the philosophy of heaven”, but his 大官网大官网大官网大官网大官网大官网大官网大官网大官网大官网大官网大官网大官网大官网大官网大官网大官网大官网大官网大官网大官网大官网大官网大官网大官网大官网大官网大官网大官网大官网大官网大官网 The article “Dong Zhongshu’s Human View” taught by Korean scholar Sun Xingshu has raised the problem of Dong’s knowledge and discussion that has almost been forgotten by the ancients. In his opinion, Dong Zhongshu put the theory that people can gain knowledge on the existence of heaven and the way of heaven. “God’s will” is understood as “the highest truth”, and the goal of knowing is to be clear about God’s will. Although this “God will” can also be understood as a natural law, it can actually be regarded as “the will of the supreme ruler”, so Dong Zhongshu’s intellectual theory can also be misunderstood as “the theory of protecting a specialized monarchy.” This view is very unique and worthy of attention.
Dr. Yu Zhiping
Dr. Yu Zhiping
Director of the Shanghai Road Chief Expert, PhD Leader
Chief Expert of the National Social Science Fund’s Serious Project
Director of the Dong Zhongshu Research Committee of the Chinese Confucius Association
Director of Dong Zi Academy, Dong Zhongshu International Research Institute, and Dong Zishu’s Chief Expert
Abstract:Director of Dong Zhongshu’s people regard “Three Characteristics of Sex”, “Knowledge Discussion” as important content. He puts “sex” and “emotion” in the main aspect of the plan, and his personal view focuses on “characteristics”. He used “God’s will” as the problem of explaining knowledge theory in the middle, and believed that the basis and object of knowledge gained knowledge in humans were determined by “God’s will”. In layman’s terms, it is a clear way of God’s will and requires the saint’s education. The saint who represents heaven is the emperor. If the emperor denies or fails to fulfill the “wish will”, he will be punished; on the contrary, if he implements good policies, he will be rewarded. Dong Zhongshu emphasized the will of heaven that can be punished and tried to establish a political mechanism to control the highest power. Dong Zhongshu combined the political view of “the feelings of heaven and man” with the “large unity” and established a human view from the beginning.
Keywords: Dong Zhongshu; the feelings of heaven and man; the third rank of nature; domineering; education theory; human view; knowledge theory
Confucianism’s philosophical interpretation of human nature was the main philosophical subject after Confucius. This was because of the fact that the philosophy of human beings was based on the knowledge of setting political management concepts for the middle and building a social system in a specific way. Mencius followed Confucius’s teachings and once used “nature is good at speaking” as the middle to understand people’s nature; while Xunzi used “nature is bad” as the middle to understand people and social system. On the contrary, a sluggish little guy was found in the branches between Dong Zhongrui. Shu (179-104 BC) combined the people’s views of Mencius and Xunzi, and established a new people’s views according to the political management concept of “large age”.
When Dong Zhongshu answered Emperor Wu of Han (Liu Feng, 156-87 BC), he proposed a reconstruction solution to the chaotic court and social order at that time. He adopted Confucianism as the new concept of national management in the Han Dynasty. Instead of his view of Confucianism as pure philosophical thinking, it was better to say that it adapted it with its practicality as the middle. Especially in order to maintain social order and adapt political system, Dong Zhongshu pays more attention to real understanding than to understand people metaphysically. On this foundation, he proposed a view of the people who were different from what Confucius and Mencius said, “nature is good at speaking” and established knowledge and education.
The concepts that represent Dong Zhongshu’s philosophical learning are “the expression of the feelings of heaven and man” and “the expression of the three ranks of nature”. “The Three Characters of Sex” represents the theory that Dong Zhongshu views. Later, in the nature theory, the explanation of the causes of “evil” is more theoretical than the clarification of “nature good”. At the same time, “the feelings of heaven and man” are metaphysical basis for humans to communicate with nature. The “Heavenly Man’s Responsibility” actually became the basis of the “kingdom of God’s Authority” that strengthens the king’s authority.
This article will use the “three ranks of nature” and the “knowledge theory” and “education theory” that are in response to heaven and man as the human world. While assessing the differences between Dong Zhongshu’s human view and traditional Confucian scholars, as well as Dong Zhongshu’s Confucian characteristics that are combined with political management concepts, we are aware of his philosophical and historical meanings. Through the study of Dong Zhongshu’s “Talk about the Response of Heaven and Man”, the test clearly stated that Han Dynasty determined Confucianism as a political management concept and used it as a new order. It was not only to strengthen the basic concept of “Talk about God’s Authority” of the royal power, but also to establish the theory of the emperor’s authority and political justice, and to avoid the emperor’s sovereignty and unrestrained theory, which has two sides. At the same time, we also tried to understand the actual meanings that Dong Zhongshu had in his people’s view.
1. The “three qualities of gender” of “similar personality”
Online, Confucianism believes that the essence of human morality is “nature”, and the “goodness” of morality is also based on “nature” as the middle. Although “emotion” is not “bad” in its basic sense, it is just a bad cause. Therefore, “sex”平台网 is more essential. However, Dong Zhongshu has a different understanding of “sex” and “emotion”. He claimed that in order to understand the reality of human beings, when he understands human beings, he should also pay attention to “nature” and “emotion”. Dong Zhongshu’s “Three-Legend Sex” is based on this stand-alone. What he called “sex” and “emotion” was a solid idea, that is, it expressed the view of “similar personality”.
In Dong Zhongshu’s opinion, although people are born from the will of heaven, not everyone can fully understand and implement the will of heaven due to the conditions and environmental differences in it. This became the starting point for Dong Zhongshu’s people’s sightseeing. Dong Zhongshu explained the concept of “sex” as the basis of human vision as follows:
The name of nature is not biological and? Like the natural and valuable nature of its life. Nature is quality. What is the quality of nature in the name of goodness, and what is the ability to be? Since it cannot be achieved in the best position, but it is more important to be good at sages. What is it? The name of nature must not be separated from quality. If you are as good as hair, you are not as good as nature, and you will not be able to understand it. (“Age of the Years and Dew: Deeply Investigating Names”, those quoted below from this book, only the title is cited)
The above-mentioned “quality” does not refer to “data” or “material”, nor does it refer to the “quality” of “elegance” as mentioned in the Song and Ming dynasties, but to the “talent” that people have when they were alive. This “talent” is not an abstract existence, but is formed by the “game” obtained during life. What is born refers to the foundation of human nature [1]. That is, the “nature” that Dong Zhongshu calls refers to the “born talent”.
So, how did Dong Zhongshu understand that “he became famous in the game. However, he lacked education – he became sexually conscious before graduating from junior high school”? Although the Confucian “nature” theory has always been represented by “nature is good at speaking”, when it comes to Xunzi, the test of “nature” has begun to appear
