【劉豐】“為平易近怙恃”與先秦儒家的政治一包養價格哲學
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“Inclusive of the amount of money is a common parent” and the political philosophy of pre-Qin Confucianism
Author: Liu Fenghong (Doctor of History, Researcher at the Institute of Philosophy of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.)
Source: “Modern Philosophy” 2019 Issue 1
Time: Confucius II In the 570s, the 29th day of the first lunar month of Jihai
The protagonist of “being a parent” is the central part of Mencius’ tyranny and Xunzi’s reign. The article “Talents: Confucius’ Residence” and other chapters of “Talents” combine “being a parent” with Confucian gift thinking, especially in the theoretical framework of “being a parent” to integrate the gift and honor. This kind of thinking is more similar to Xunzi’s thinking, which also shows that the relationship between “Confucius’s Residence” and other chapters is more closely related to the Xunzi school.
“Traditional Notes·Confucius’s Residence” Records:
Confucius’s Residence was served by Zixia. Zixia said, “I dare to ask the “Pen” that ‘My brother is a good person, a common parent’, how can you be so close to him?” Confucius said, “A common parent must be based on the origin of gifts, and even the “five qualities” to carry out the whole country. If there is a failure in all directions, you must first know it. This is a common parent.” In order to answer Zixia’s question about how to become a “common parent”, Confucius explained several groups of differences, such as “five qualities”, “three qualities”, “five qualities” and “three qualities”. The author once made a special discussion on the development of pre-Qin Confucian gift thinking reflected by the “incomplete gift” among the “three nos” [1]. In fact, according to the notes of “Confucius’s Residence”, all these concepts such as “five to “three nos” are intended to explain the “original origin of gift”, and “original origin of gift官网彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩彩Zheng’s note: “The original is the basis.”[2] This means that Confucius explained several concepts such as “five to” and “three no” in detail, and ultimately to achieve the political goal of “being a common parent”. “Being a parent” was originally a major political topic explored by Confucianism in pre-Qin, and is one of the main contents of Confucian political philosophy in pre-Qin [3]. After the publication of “Greater Parents” in Shanghai, it was not valued by the academic world in the past.The “Travels: Confucius’ Residence” and the “Become a Parent” thought have attracted the attention of students, and at the same time, they have also developed some more profound explorations of the “Become a Parent” thought in Confucianism. It is like sorting out the “being a parent” thinking in pre-Qin Confucianism [4], exploring the political philosophy connotation in “being a parent” chapter [5], or evaluating the “being a parent” thinking from the perspective of political compliance with laws [6]. These discussions have certain meanings for our deeper understanding of pre-Qin Confucian political thinking and political philosophy. This article will give a more detailed review of the “Confucius’s Residence” chapter and the “commoner’s parents” thoughts of pre-Qin Confucianism, and connect this with Confucianism’s tribute thinking, and try to further explore the Confucianism’s ideology and political management concepts.
1. The thinking of “being a parent” by Confucianism in the pre-Qin period is the source of the origin and evolution
From the perspective of thinking of the origin, the idea of ”the emperor as a parent is a parent, thinking that the king of the whole country” has appeared as early as the chapter of “Shangshu Hong Fan”. The chapter of “Hong Fan” is a classic of Confucian politics and a monthly philosophical study, and is also the main source of Confucian political thinking. The idea of ”being a common parent” comes from the fifth “Emperor” in “Hong Fan”. The full text is as follows:
Huangzi: The emperor has the best, and he will be blessed in the five blessings at the moment, and he will use it to help the people. But at that time, the people are in power and shui Ru Bao. All the people have no friends; no one has any kindness, but the emperor is the best. All the people have the true technology genius, integrity, general manager x fake, and absolutely beautiful male singers have the same precautions, you will remember it. If you don’t agree with the consequences, you won’t suffer the consequences; the emperor will accept it. And be healthy and despised, saying, “I am very kind to you.” You are blessed by Xi. At that time, the emperor is the best. No one’s own desperation; but fear of superbness. People have the ability to do things, so that they can be ashamed of their actions and will prosper. Any gentleman is rich and slim; if you can’t make your family better, you will be the only one who is in poverty. Because of his lack of virtue, even if you are blessed by Xi, you will be blamed. Without any deviation or pond, follow the king’s principles; without any good deeds, follow the king’s ways; without any evil deeds, follow the king’s ways. No side, no party, domineering; no party, no side, domineering; no side, domineering; no side, domineering. It will be extremely good, and it will be extremely good. It is said that the Emperor’s words are Yi and the training, and the training is from the Emperor. All the people are extremely proud of their words, and they are instructed and acted to be close to the emperor’s light. The emperor was said to be a common parent and considered the king of the whole country.
The chapter “Hong Fan” was quoted by King Wu’s visit to Ji Zi, and the whole article is about the recent methods of governing the people that Ji Zi told King Wu. Regarding this article’s era, later generations basically thought it was a work from the Shang and Zhou dynasties. “Zuo Ji” quotes “Hong Fan”, called “Shang Book”, “Historical Records” and “Shang Books” also regard “Hong Fan” as a discussion record between King Wu and Ji Zi. The contemporary skeptical teacher Liu Qiyan also believed that the little girl in Hong Fan came out and took it out.The bottle and cat food were fed with some water and food. Xiao Wei is a thing of the Shang Dynasty. “The original manuscript of “Hong Fan” was transferred from the Shang Dynasty to the Zhou Dynasty. After processing, the book that was found on the cost date has been basically written in the later years.” [7] This shows that “Hong Fan” is indeed a very traditional article. “Huangzi” is the fifth sacred in “Hong Fan Jiudan”, and “is the focus of the whole text, the essence of the ‘Jiudan’” [8].
“Huangzi”, “Historical Records” and “Shangshuo” are both written as “Wangzi”. According to Liu Qi Cheng’s explanation, “Wangzi” is the current text, and “Huangzi” is the ancient text. As “Wang Wang” is. [9] “Han Book·Five Elements Records” says: “The emperor is the king.” This explanation is correct. “生”, “生口” and “子” were both trained as “中”, and Zhu Xi and others in the Song Dynasty studied as “中”, that is, “standard” or “博官网网”. According to this meaning, the so-called “Emperor” or “Emperor” is actually the supreme rule principle of the king or monarch. Later scholars called “emperor” “big”, “big” as “middle”, and “emperor” is the “way of the middle” [10], which is obviously an explanation of Confucianism in later generations. According to the fifth chapter of “Hong Fan”, “Emperor’s End” is the highest political principle, and “Emperor’s End as a parent” is the summary of the whole chapter, which can also be said to be the ultimate goal of the king’s administration. Confucius also said: “Talking about the emperor’s teachings of Dehui as a sign of the parents of the people, it is a journey of the whole country, and it is not a matter of hard work.” [11] This also shows that “being a parents” is the summary of ancient politics and ethical thinking that was already formed during the Shang and Zhou dynasties, and it is the reaction of the political format and political thinking of modern countries.
“Hong Fan” is a historical and literary figur
